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Neonatal Med > Volume 18(2); 2011 > Article
Journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology 2011;18(2):353-358.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5385/jksn.2011.18.2.353    Published online November 25, 2011.
Nonpharmacologic Pain Relief with Oral 25% Dextrose or/and Pacifier for Newborn Infants.
Min Kyung Kim, In Ah Kim, Min Hee Jung, Myung Ki Han, Kie Young Park, Bong Seong Kim, Hyun Seong Jin
1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, Gangneung, Korea. childlove72@naver.com
Abstract
PURPOSE
The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine.
METHODS
A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+ pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups.
RESULTS
Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4+/-0.9 vs. 5.5+/-1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6+/-2.0 vs. 0.6+/-0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5+/-2.3 vs. 0.7+/-0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS> or =4, NFCS> or =3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.
Key Words: Newborn; Infant; Pain; Pacifiers; Glucose
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